A practical guide for Israeli entrepreneurs establishing a company in Switzerland: GmbH and AG, Swiss resident representation, corporate banking, tax, VAT, intellectual property and international expansion.
Israel has built one of the world’s most internationally oriented entrepreneurial ecosystems, particularly in technology, cybersecurity, fintech, medical technology, pharmaceuticals and venture-backed businesses.
For many Israeli founders, international expansion is therefore not an exceptional step. It is a natural part of building the company.
Switzerland can become relevant at that stage as a stable and internationally recognised platform for:
- European and international customer relationships
- international trading
- banking and financing
- investors and corporate groups
- acquisitions and joint ventures
- trademarks and intellectual property
- international management and governance
- Swiss-based personnel
- expansion into Switzerland and the wider European market
An Israeli individual or Israeli company may generally own 100% of a Swiss GmbH or AG.
A Swiss shareholder is not required.
The Swiss company must, however, have appropriate representation by at least one authorised person resident in Switzerland.
Switzerland and Israel also have an established bilateral business framework. The Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs describes the relationship as broad and well developed, including cooperation in economy, finance, science, innovation, fintech, cybertech and medtech. Israel is also an important Swiss trading partner in the MENA region.
Israeli and Swiss company forms compared
There is no perfect one-to-one legal equivalent between Israeli and Swiss corporate forms.
However, for an entrepreneur considering a Swiss operation, the principal structures can be compared from a practical business perspective.
Israeli Private Company Ltd. and Swiss GmbH
The Israeli Private Company Ltd. — חברה בע"מ — is the standard corporate form used by many Israeli founders, startups, professional businesses and privately owned operating companies.
For an owner-managed business, its practical role can often be compared with a Swiss GmbH, although the legal structures are not identical.
An Israeli private company is a company limited by shares, whereas a Swiss GmbH is based on quota capital.
Israeli Private Company Ltd.
- private company limited by shares
- one or more shareholders
- share-based ownership
- no general minimum share-capital requirement comparable with the Swiss GmbH
- commonly used for startups, technology companies, consulting, services and privately held operating businesses
- registered through the Israeli Corporations Authority
- governed primarily by the Israeli Companies Law
The Israeli Corporations Authority provides the official registration process and documentation for Israeli companies.
Israeli Corporations Authority — Register a Company
Swiss GmbH
- limited liability company
- one or more individuals or legal entities may be shareholders
- 100% foreign ownership is possible
- CHF 20,000 share capital, fully paid at incorporation
- shareholders are entered in the Swiss Commercial Register
- at least one appropriately authorised representative resident in Switzerland is required
- commonly used for owner-managed operating businesses, technology, consulting, professional services, trading and international SMEs
For an Israeli founder establishing a closely held Swiss operating company, the GmbH is often the most straightforward Swiss structure.
It can be particularly suitable where:
- ownership remains concentrated
- the founders are actively involved in the business
- external investors are not immediately expected
- the company will have clearly defined Swiss operating activities
- CHF 20,000 of capital is proportionate to the business
Israeli share-based companies and Swiss AG
For larger businesses, investor-oriented structures and companies expecting future changes in ownership, the Swiss AG — Aktiengesellschaft — is often more relevant.
An important point for Israeli entrepreneurs is that a Swiss AG does not need to be publicly listed.
Many Swiss AGs are privately owned by founders, families, holding companies or a limited number of investors.
Swiss AG
- company limited by shares
- one or more individual or corporate shareholders
- 100% foreign ownership is possible
- CHF 100,000 nominal share capital
- at least CHF 50,000 normally paid at incorporation
- shareholders of a standard privately held AG are generally not publicly listed in the Commercial Register
- at least one appropriately authorised representative resident in Switzerland is required
- commonly used for larger businesses, investors, holdings, international trading, acquisitions, joint ventures and international groups
A Swiss AG can be particularly appropriate where an entrepreneur or corporate group expects:
- institutional or professional investors
- several shareholders
- future changes in ownership
- international trading
- acquisitions or M&A
- joint ventures
- international financing
- a holding-company function
- a future partial or complete exit
- international brand or IP activities
The legal form should be selected according to the company’s actual business model, governance requirements, ownership plans and financing strategy.
Can Israeli founders own 100% of a Swiss company?
Yes.
The Swiss company may be owned directly by an Israeli individual or by an Israeli legal entity.
A Swiss co-shareholder is not required simply because the beneficial owner is resident in Israel.
Ownership and Swiss representation are separate questions.
The appropriate ownership structure should be determined before incorporation and should take into account:
- the existing business
- future investors
- group structure
- expected commercial relationships
- financing
- governance
- intellectual property
- accounting
- tax residence
- future transactions or exits
There is no universal structure suitable for every founder.
A technology startup, an established trading company, an investment business and a multinational corporate group can require very different solutions.
Swiss-resident representation: more than a formal requirement
A Swiss GmbH or AG must have appropriate representation by at least one authorised person resident in Switzerland.
For international founders, this is sometimes treated as a purely administrative requirement.
In practice, the role can be substantially more important.
A Swiss representative may be involved in:
- corporate governance
- board and shareholder decisions
- communication with banks
- significant contracts
- financial reporting
- coordination with accountants and auditors
- investments and financing
- compliance and risk matters
- communication with Swiss authorities
- Swiss personnel and operational decisions
The person should therefore ideally be selected according to the company’s actual activity.
A cybersecurity company, international trading business, fintech company, pharmaceutical company and asset-management business may require very different professional profiles.
Specialist personnel in Switzerland
Depending on the business model, a Swiss company may also require professionals such as:
- Managing Director
- AML or Compliance Officer
- finance specialist
- asset-management professional
- international trader
- commodities specialist
- fintech or payments professional
- cybersecurity or technology management
- pharmaceutical or regulatory specialist
- Swiss sales or business-development management
Certain activities may additionally require FINMA authorisation or other regulatory approvals.
Alpine Capital holds a Swiss cantonal licence for private employment placement within Switzerland.
This allows the personnel component to be integrated into the wider Swiss company-formation and market-entry process.
Where required, suitable Swiss-based directors, managers and specialist professionals can therefore be identified according to the actual business activity and regulatory requirements of the company.
Why Switzerland is relevant for international expansion
Israeli businesses are frequently international from an early stage.
Technology may be developed in Israel while customers, investors, partners and commercial operations are distributed across several markets.
Switzerland can become relevant when a business requires a recognised European corporate and operational platform.
Potential Swiss functions may include:
- Swiss and European sales
- international customer contracting
- international trading
- investor relationships
- corporate group functions
- acquisitions
- banking and financing
- intellectual-property management
- European management
- regulated activities
- local specialist personnel
Switzerland should therefore be considered not merely as another jurisdiction in which to register a company, but as a potential component of the wider international business architecture.
Switzerland and Israel already have an established business bridge
Commercial relations between Switzerland and Israel are well established.
Official Swiss sources highlight cooperation in:
- economic and financial services
- innovation
- fintech
- cybersecurity
- medtech
- science and technology
The institutional framework includes:
- the Switzerland–Israel Double Taxation Agreement
- the EFTA–Israel Free Trade Agreement
- automatic exchange of financial-account information
- bilateral scientific and innovation cooperation
- established business chambers and professional networks
Swiss FDFA — Bilateral Relations Switzerland–Israel
The official Swiss Embassy website also states that roughly 1,300 Israeli citizens currently live in Switzerland.
A long-established Jewish community in Zurich
Switzerland’s links with Jewish communities extend far beyond modern commercial relations with Israel.
Zurich has had organised Jewish communal life for generations.
Today, Orthodox Jewish life is particularly visible in Wiedikon and parts of Enge and Wollishofen.
University of Zurich material describes a community of more than 2,000 Orthodox Jewish residents in Zurich and highlights visible community infrastructure including:
- synagogues
- kosher food shops
- Jewish bakeries and butcher shops
- community organisations
- religious services
- Jewish emergency and social infrastructure
University of Zurich — Jewish Community in Wiedikon, Enge and Wollishofen
It is important to distinguish Jewish community membership from Israeli nationality.
Members of Zurich’s Jewish communities include Swiss citizens as well as people from a variety of international backgrounds.
For observant Jewish entrepreneurs and families considering a business or professional presence in Switzerland, however, the existence of an established religious and cultural infrastructure can make the Zurich region a particularly familiar European location.
Israeli-founded companies with an established Swiss presence
Several internationally successful Israeli or Israeli-founded businesses maintain substantial operations in Switzerland.
Their structures are naturally much larger and more complex than those of most founder-led businesses.
Nevertheless, they demonstrate that Switzerland is an established jurisdiction for Israeli-origin companies expanding internationally.
Check Point Software Technologies
Check Point Software Technologies was founded in Israel and developed into one of the world’s best-known cybersecurity companies.
The group maintains an official Swiss office in Spreitenbach.
Check Point Software Technologies — Official Switzerland Office
The Swiss company, Check Point Software Technologies (Switzerland) AG, has been registered since 2000.
Its publicly registered corporate purpose includes:
- computer and technology services
- software and hardware
- research and development
- commercial trading activities
- copyrights
- design rights
- patents
- participation in other companies
- certain group-financing activities
Check Point Software Technologies (Switzerland) AG — Swiss Company Information
For technology entrepreneurs, this is a useful public example of an Israeli-founded global technology business maintaining a long-term Swiss corporate presence.
Teva and Mepha in Switzerland
Teva is one of Israel’s best-known international pharmaceutical groups.
In Switzerland, Teva operates together with Mepha through established pharmaceutical companies based in Basel.
Official Swiss company information states that Mepha and Teva:
- are headquartered in Basel
- employ around 170 people in Switzerland
- maintain a combined portfolio of more than 330 products
- operate across generics, biosimilars, specialist medicines and related pharmaceutical products
Mepha and Teva — Switzerland Company and Employment Information
For international life-science and pharmaceutical businesses, this demonstrates how a globally successful Israeli-origin group has established a substantial long-term Swiss commercial operation.
SodaStream
SodaStream is another internationally recognised Israeli-founded brand.
The company developed from its Israeli base into a global consumer-products business and later became part of PepsiCo.
It maintains a dedicated Swiss company, SodaStream (Switzerland) GmbH, in Hünenberg.
The company’s official Swiss legal notice lists:
SodaStream (Switzerland) GmbH Bösch 67 6331 Hünenberg UID CHE-106.975.805
SodaStream Switzerland — Official Impressum
This is another example of an Israeli-founded international brand using a dedicated Swiss operating company as part of a wider global organisation.
A Swiss global business story with family ties to Israel
A different but particularly striking example is Rafaela Aponte-Diamant.
Forbes lists Aponte-Diamant as a Swiss citizen residing in Geneva and one of the world’s wealthiest self-made businesswomen.
Together with her husband Gianluigi Aponte, she owns Mediterranean Shipping Company — MSC.
Forbes — Rafaela Aponte-Diamant Profile
Forbes also reports that Rafaela is the daughter of an Israeli banker who was based in Switzerland.
Rafaela and Gianluigi Aponte entered the shipping business in 1970 and based their company in Geneva.
Over the following decades, MSC developed from Switzerland into a global group spanning shipping, ports, logistics, cruise operations and other businesses.
Forbes — Rafaela Aponte-Diamant, Israeli Family Connection and MSC in Geneva
Rafaela Aponte-Diamant is today a Swiss citizen, so she should not be described simply as an Israeli entrepreneur living in Switzerland.
Her story is relevant for a different reason: it illustrates how Switzerland has for decades provided a stable base from which internationally oriented entrepreneurs with diverse backgrounds could build global businesses.
Israel and Wollerau: corporate tax and VAT environment
Israel and Switzerland have materially different corporate-tax and VAT environments.
Israel
- standard corporate income tax: 23%
- standard VAT: 18%
Israel’s 23% corporate income-tax rate remains the standard corporate rate.
Knesset — Corporate Tax Reduction to 23%
Israel’s VAT rate increased from 17% to 18% effective 1 January 2025.
Knesset — VAT Rate Increased to 18%
Wollerau, Canton Schwyz
Switzerland applies federal, cantonal and municipal corporate taxation.
The Canton Schwyz tax administration currently states that companies located in the canton’s most tax-competitive municipalities can have an effective total corporate tax burden of approximately 11.78%, including direct federal tax.
Kanton Schwyz — Corporate Taxation
For Wollerau specifically, the official 2026 cantonal illustration shows total corporate profit tax of CHF 11,599 on CHF 100,000 of profit before tax.
This corresponds to approximately 11.6% of pre-tax profit in that illustration.
Canton Schwyz — Official 2026 Wollerau Tax Comparison
The figures 11.6% and 11.78% are therefore not contradictory.
- 11.6% reflects the result of the specific Wollerau illustration measured against profit before tax
- 11.78% is the published effective total corporate tax burden for the canton’s most tax-competitive municipalities
For practical communication, Wollerau can therefore be described as having an illustrative corporate tax burden of approximately 11.6–11.8%, subject to the specific company and calculation method.
Swiss VAT
The standard Swiss VAT rate is 8.1%.
Swiss Federal Tax Administration — VAT Rates
Headline comparison
- Israel standard corporate tax: 23%
- Wollerau illustrative corporate tax burden: approximately 11.6–11.8%
- Israel standard VAT: 18%
- Switzerland standard VAT: 8.1%
The tax difference is a genuine feature of Wollerau as a corporate location.
For internationally oriented businesses, however, the wider Swiss proposition also includes:
- legal and political stability
- international reputation
- banking infrastructure
- European market access
- institutional investors
- international trading
- predictable corporate governance
- intellectual-property protection
- acquisitions and corporate transactions
- qualified Swiss management and specialist personnel
Switzerland therefore combines a competitive tax environment with a wider institutional and commercial infrastructure.
The Switzerland–Israel Double Taxation Agreement
Switzerland and Israel have a bilateral Double Taxation Agreement covering taxes on income and capital.
The agreement entered into force on 22 December 2003.
It is relevant to areas including:
- business profits
- permanent establishments
- dividends
- interest
- royalties
- employment income
- directors’ remuneration
- allocation of taxing rights
- relief from double taxation
Swiss Federal Tax Administration — Switzerland–Israel Double Taxation Agreement
The treaty should be viewed as part of the wider cross-border framework rather than as a standard formula.
Its application depends on factors including:
- ownership
- tax residence
- beneficial ownership
- actual management
- nature of the income
- activities of the respective companies
- relevant reporting and relief procedures
For material distributions, financing arrangements, intellectual-property transactions or other significant cross-border flows, the Swiss and Israeli consequences should therefore be assessed for the individual case before implementation.
Cross-border management and tax considerations
For international founders, selecting a Swiss GmbH or AG is only one part of the analysis.
Depending on the ownership and activities of the company, relevant cross-border topics may include:
- location of actual management
- corporate tax residence
- permanent establishments
- controlled-foreign-company considerations
- transfer pricing
- intercompany contracts
- intellectual property
- remuneration of directors and employees
- Swiss and foreign reporting requirements
These topics interact.
A structure appropriate for a cybersecurity business may be entirely unsuitable for an international trading company, financial-services business or established corporate group.
Before implementation, the analysis should establish:
- which business functions will be located in Switzerland
- which activities remain outside Switzerland
- where management decisions will be taken
- which people are required in Switzerland
- what the banking profile will look like
- whether regulatory approvals are relevant
- which cross-border tax questions require specialist review
The final structure can then be designed around the commercial facts rather than around a generic template.
Intellectual property and Swiss structures
Intellectual property is particularly relevant for technology and innovation businesses.
A Swiss company can own or manage:
- trademarks
- patents
- software rights
- brands
- licences
- other intellectual-property rights
Switzerland has an established intellectual-property framework administered by the Swiss Federal Institute of Intellectual Property.
Swiss Federal Institute of Intellectual Property
The appropriate ownership and location of IP depends on the individual business.
Relevant considerations can include:
- where the IP was developed
- which company employs the relevant people
- who manages the intellectual property
- where commercial decisions are made
- licensing relationships
- transfer pricing
- investors and financing
- future acquisitions or exits
These questions should be considered together before significant intellectual-property rights are transferred or reorganised.
Swiss corporate banking for international founders
A Swiss company does not automatically receive a permanent corporate bank account simply because it has been incorporated.
Swiss financial institutions are required to identify the customer and beneficial owner and to understand the economic purpose and background of the relationship.
FINMA — Combating Money Laundering
A strong banking file may include:
- company extract
- articles of association
- ownership chart
- UBO documentation
- financial statements
- tax documentation
- investor information
- customer contracts
- supplier contracts
- bank statements
- evidence supporting the source of capital
- financial forecasts
- business plan
An established operating or technology company may already have extensive corporate and financial documentation that can materially strengthen the Swiss banking application.
Activities requiring additional review
Certain sectors can require more extensive bank, compliance or regulatory analysis, including:
- fintech
- payments
- crypto-related activity
- asset management
- international trading
- cybersecurity
- dual-use technologies
- pharmaceuticals and healthcare
- other regulated activities
These issues should ideally be considered before incorporation rather than after the Swiss company has already been registered.
Capital contribution account and permanent operating account
A Swiss incorporation normally begins with a capital contribution account — Kapitaleinzahlungskonto.
For a Swiss GmbH:
- CHF 20,000 is deposited
For a Swiss AG:
- the legally required paid-in capital is deposited
- normally at least CHF 50,000
The bank issues confirmation of the capital deposit required for incorporation.
After the company is entered in the Swiss Commercial Register, the capital can be released.
The permanent corporate operating account is a separate banking relationship and remains subject to the bank’s own compliance review.
Approval of the capital contribution account therefore does not automatically mean that the permanent corporate account has been approved.
Documents from Israel
Individual shareholder
The Swiss incorporation and banking file may include:
- passport
- residential-address evidence
- tax-residence information
- beneficial-owner declaration
- professional biography
- Source-of-Funds evidence
- Source-of-Wealth documentation where relevant
- information about the proposed Swiss business
Israeli corporate shareholder
Additional documentation may include:
- current Israeli company extract
- articles of association
- shareholder information
- directors and authorised signatories
- UBO documentation
- corporate ownership chart
- corporate resolution approving the Swiss investment
- financial statements
- tax documentation
- customer or commercial contracts
The Israeli Corporations Authority provides official company registration and corporate information.
Israeli Corporations Authority — Company Registration
Depending on the Swiss notary, bank and other receiving institutions, certified copies, notarisation, apostille or translation may be required.
The exact checklist should be confirmed before unnecessary certification or translation work is ordered.
Practical example: technology company entering Switzerland
Consider an established technology company with development and technical teams in Israel.
Its Swiss and European customer base is growing and the business is considering a permanent Swiss presence.
Before selecting the legal structure, the relevant questions would include:
- Should the Swiss entity be a GmbH or AG?
- Who should own the Swiss company?
- What commercial functions will be located in Switzerland?
- What profile should the Swiss-resident representative have?
- Is a registered domicile sufficient or is a dedicated office required?
- Which Swiss banking solution fits the intended business?
- Which management or specialist personnel will be required?
- Are regulatory approvals relevant?
- How should the relationship between the existing and Swiss activities be documented?
- Which cross-border tax questions require specialist analysis?
Only after these questions are understood should the final structure be implemented.
This approach is particularly relevant for technology companies because sales, intellectual property, management, financing and personnel can be distributed across several jurisdictions.
Practical example: international trading group establishing a Swiss presence
Consider an established international trading or industrial company looking to expand its European business.
Potential Swiss functions could include:
- international customer relationships
- European suppliers
- international trading
- logistics coordination
- trade finance
- banking
- investor relationships
- selected international management
The appropriate Swiss structure will depend on the scale and nature of the activity.
A company of this type may also require Swiss-based expertise in:
- international trading
- commodities
- finance
- trade finance
- compliance
- logistics
- sector-specific management
The objective is to create a Swiss operation that corresponds to the business rather than applying the same corporate template to every international founder.
After incorporation: accounting, VAT and payroll
Registration in the Swiss Commercial Register is the beginning of the operating structure.
A Swiss company may subsequently require:
- Swiss bookkeeping
- annual financial statements
- corporate tax returns
- VAT registration and reporting
- payroll
- social-insurance registration
- board and shareholder documentation
- beneficial-owner records
- audit arrangements where applicable
- regulatory or compliance functions
VAT
Israel’s standard VAT rate is 18%.
Switzerland’s standard VAT rate is 8.1%.
The correct treatment of an international transaction nevertheless depends on the nature of the goods or services, the customer, place of supply, imports, exports and any local registration obligations.
Payroll and management
Where a founder or employee performs work for the Swiss company while physically working in another jurisdiction, employment tax, payroll, social-security and permanent-establishment questions may require separate review.
The appropriate treatment depends on the actual working arrangements.
How the Swiss setup works in practice
A well-prepared Swiss project normally begins with the business rather than the incorporation documents.
The process typically involves:
- defining why Switzerland is commercially relevant
- selecting the appropriate Swiss legal form
- determining ownership and governance
- identifying the functions to be performed in Switzerland
- selecting appropriate Swiss-resident representation
- determining personnel requirements
- assessing regulatory requirements
- preparing UBO, Source-of-Funds and Source-of-Wealth documentation
- developing the banking strategy
- establishing the registered seat and office infrastructure
- completing incorporation and Commercial Register registration
- completing permanent corporate-account onboarding
- implementing accounting, VAT and payroll
- documenting cross-border corporate relationships
- coordinating relevant specialist advice
- establishing ongoing governance and administration
Swiss market-entry services available through Alpine Capital
Alpine Capital provides Swiss corporate and market-entry services for international entrepreneurs, investors and companies establishing or developing activities in Switzerland.
Depending on the mandate, the scope can include:
- Swiss GmbH or AG formation
- ownership and governance structuring
- capital contribution account coordination
- corporate bank-account onboarding
- Swiss-resident representation
- registered domicile
- office infrastructure in Wollerau
- accounting
- VAT
- payroll
- notarial coordination
- Commercial Register coordination
- licensed recruitment of Swiss directors, managers and specialists
- coordination of international trading, intellectual-property and market-entry matters with appropriate specialists
Alpine Capital holds a Swiss cantonal licence for private employment placement within Switzerland.
This allows company formation, Swiss representation and the recruitment of appropriate local personnel to be coordinated within one Swiss market-entry process.
The objective is not only to establish a legal entity.
It is to build a Swiss operation whose legal form, management, banking setup, personnel and corporate infrastructure are aligned with the company’s wider international business strategy.
Frequently asked questions
Can an Israeli citizen own 100% of a Swiss GmbH or AG?
Yes. An Israeli individual or legal entity may generally own 100% of a Swiss GmbH or AG.
Is a Swiss shareholder required?
No.
Does the shareholder need to move to Switzerland?
No. A foreign shareholder may remain resident abroad. The Swiss company must nevertheless satisfy the Swiss-resident representation requirement.
What is the closest Swiss equivalent to an Israeli Private Company Ltd.?
There is no exact legal equivalent.
For a closely held operating business, the Swiss GmbH is often the closest practical comparison.
An Israeli private company is technically share-based, whereas a Swiss GmbH uses quota capital.
When is a Swiss AG more appropriate?
An AG is often considered where the business expects:
- investors
- several shareholders
- international trading
- acquisitions
- a group or holding function
- future changes in ownership
Is Swiss-resident representation mandatory?
Yes. The Swiss company must have at least one appropriately authorised representative resident in Switzerland.
Does the Swiss representative need to own shares?
No.
Why is professional Swiss governance important?
The place where an international company is actually managed can have corporate, banking and cross-border tax implications.
The governance model should therefore be considered together with the wider business structure.
Can Alpine Capital recruit Swiss management or specialists?
Alpine Capital holds a cantonal Swiss licence for private employment placement within Switzerland and can undertake selected recruitment mandates for directors, managers and specialist personnel.
What is Israel’s standard corporate tax rate?
The standard corporate income tax rate is 23%.
What is the corporate tax burden in Wollerau?
The official Canton Schwyz 2026 Wollerau illustration shows CHF 11,599 of total corporate profit tax on CHF 100,000 of profit before tax, or approximately 11.6% of pre-tax profit.
Separately, Canton Schwyz states an effective total corporate tax burden of approximately 11.78%, including direct federal tax, in its most tax-competitive municipalities.
The precise burden must be calculated for the individual company.
What is Israel’s standard VAT rate?
18%.
What is Switzerland’s standard VAT rate?
8.1%.
Do Switzerland and Israel have a Double Taxation Agreement?
Yes.
The agreement covers areas including business profits, permanent establishments, dividends, interest, royalties and relief from double taxation.
Its application depends on the specific circumstances.
Can Israeli CFC rules be relevant to a Swiss company?
Potentially.
The analysis depends on ownership, the nature of the company’s income and other factual circumstances.
Detailed application should be reviewed individually rather than assumed from the legal form alone.
Can a Swiss company own trademarks and intellectual property?
Yes.
A Swiss company can own trademarks, patents, software rights and other intellectual property.
The appropriate ownership and management structure depends on where the assets are developed, managed and commercially used.
Official and institutional sources
Switzerland
- Swiss SME Portal — Swiss GmbH
- Swiss SME Portal — Swiss AG
- Swiss Federal Tax Administration — Switzerland–Israel Double Taxation Agreement
- Swiss Federal Tax Administration — VAT Rates
- Kanton Schwyz — Corporate Taxation
- Canton Schwyz — Official 2026 Wollerau Tax Comparison
- FINMA — Anti-Money Laundering
- Swiss Federal Institute of Intellectual Property
- Swiss FDFA — Bilateral Relations Switzerland–Israel
Israel
- Israeli Corporations Authority — Register a Company
- Knesset — VAT Rate Increased to 18%
- Knesset — Corporate Tax Reduction to 23%
Zurich Jewish community
Public business examples
- Check Point Software Technologies — Official Switzerland Office
- Check Point Software Technologies (Switzerland) AG — Swiss Company Information
- Mepha and Teva — Switzerland Company Information
- SodaStream Switzerland — Official Impressum
- Forbes — Rafaela Aponte-Diamant Profile
- Forbes — Rafaela Aponte-Diamant, Israel Connection and MSC in Geneva
This article provides general corporate, business and tax information and does not constitute individual Swiss or Israeli legal, tax, regulatory or investment advice. The appropriate structure depends on ownership, tax residence, actual management, business activity, personnel and transaction flows.